THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET Essay Example

THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET Essay THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET By ssoekarno THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA PUBLIC LISTED COMPANIES EVI OKTAVIANI SORAYA A task report submitted in fractional satisfaction of the necessities for the honor of the level of Master of Business Administration International Business School UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia JANUARY 2014 I proclaim that this postulation entitled The Effect of Convergence with International Budgetary Reporting Standard [IFRS]-Based Accounting Standards On Stock Market: Evidence From Malaysia Public Listed Companies is the consequence of my own examination with the exception of as refered to in the references. The theory has not been acknowledged for any degree and isn't simultaneously submitted in candidature of some other degree. Mark: Name Date :JANUARY 2014 Dedicated to Acknowledgment BSTRAK laDle 0T content CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background 0T study 1. 1 Background of International Financial Reporting Standard [IFRS] Financial explanations are significant for speculator in helping them in settling on choice on where to contribute all inclusive. This is the reason great bookkeeping measures empowers financial specialists to get suitable data which thus will give speculator trust in settling on choice . There is a drive to globalize bookkeeping measures and practices that will be acknowledged by the controllers, accreditation bodies, the bookkeeping calling and the business and scholarly networks far and wide so as to limit the likely threats of inclination, distortion, estimation, and uncertainty. Throughout the years the business network has perceived bookkeeping as the language of business and money related data as a type of language. We will compose a custom article test on THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Since bookkeeping has been acknowledged as a language, it is prudent that organizations around the globe to communicate in a similar language. Late political and financial occasions have concentrated on the squeezing requirement for greater consistency in worldwide bookkeeping norms . There is a necessity for an all inclusive arrangement of bookkeeping principles which can join the language of bookkeeping around the globe and take care of the issue of contrasts in bookkeeping practice. It is nothing unexpected that the globalization of capital markets has been joined by calls for globalization of money related revealing. Without a doubt, the globalization of the universes capital markets has made the requirement for equivalent and dependable monetary data to help the fluctuated exchanges and tasks of the business sectors Hora et al.. The bookkeeping calling has confronted the weight of globalization and keeps on searching for approaches to deliver budgetary circumstance utilizing an extraordinary bookkeeping methods that can be comprehended by all business society over the most recent couple of decades . Not just that, to guarantee ease of use, monetary data additionally expected to be justifiable and similar to settle on layaway choices and speculation all the more effectively recovered. In spite of the fact that the procedure of internationalization may be troublesome, Anderson said that a lot of worldwide bookkeeping guidelines will permit new skylines of budget report advancement by the way that the relative investigation of the pace of return and benefit/misfortune set written in monetary record has made the opposition between organizations become progressively relevant. So as to take care of this issue, a novel worldwide bookkeeping standard International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) has been presented. As of now IFRS has been progressively received by bookkeeping strategy producers everywhere throughout the world. It is assessed ver one hundred nations are utilizing International Financial Reporting Standards. For instance, Australia and all individuals conditions of the European Union which have embraced IFRS since 2005, while Canada, India and Korea has moved into IFRS union in 2011 . I ne aaoptlon 0T Internatlonal Accounting stanaaras/lnternatlonal Hnanclal Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) by countless creating nations in the previous years is considered as perhaps the greatest occasion saw in the universal bookkeeping field. For the vast majority of these nations, the utilization of IAS/IFRS bookkeeping is the progress to another worldview. This worldview, essentially dependent on the correspondence of good quality and helpful money related data for dynamic , consider the speculator engaged with the securities exchange as a particular client of budget reports . The target of this monetary report basically to offer financial specialists the fundamental data for them so as to appropriately assess the monetary circumstance of the organization which thus permitted them to place their cash in productive venture openings. Nations which have just embraced the IFRS bookkeeping standard predict different advantages, for instance Australian government trusts that the setting of IFRS ccounting gauges in Australia can prompt creation of greater bookkeeping norms which thus will encourage Australian business regarding lower expenses of capital and empowers Australian organizations to contend on an equivalent balance abroad, while additionally keeping up financial specialist certainty. Meanwhile the Chairman of the Korea Accounting Standards Board and President of the Korea Accounting Institute expressed that his association is idealistic about the advantages of IFRS selection in that it won't just make Korean organizations increasingly serious through their improved ransparency yet additionally will permit the South Korean bookkeeping industry to grow around the world. From those two proclamations, we can reason that one basic advantage looked for by receiving IFRS is to kill boundaries to cross-outskirt contributing . Besides, Ball contended that IFRS guarantees progressively precise, extensive and convenient budget summary data contrasted with the national measures which it replaces for the open money related announcing in the majority of the nations which received it, including Continental Europe. Better quality budget summary data can even prompt etter appraisal by financial specialists in settling on capital market choices and in this manner diminish the hazard to these speculators. Another quality of IFRS is that it requires increasingly broad divulgence. For instance, resource weakness FRSI 36 requires revelation of altruism and different intangibles, especially corresponding to the allotment of generosity to money producing units, the primary suppositions used to gauge recoverable sum and disability testing. Expanded degree of revelation in the fiscal summaries may influence the nature of detailed income. As indicated by revelation framework which set at top notch standard ives speculator trust in the validity of monetary revealing. In the event that more exposure is required, any endeavor to oversee income can be all the more effortlessly identified and tended to by the inner oversight bodies (top managerial staff and examiners) in an organization. The utilization of worldwide bookkeeping norms in advancing different players in the capltal market can De a decent cnolce Tor creating countrles tnat look to advance nice working of their capital markets. To acceptably satisfy their job in the assessment and financing of organizations and in the advancement of different areas of conomic action, recorded organizations need to impart great money related data . Since overall appropriation of IFRS would make a typical language for bookkeeping, new capital markets would open to organizations who have been detailing just as per their national gauges. Correspondence of money related data assists with constraining the issues related with data asymmetry and sets up an atmosphere of trust in the capital market component. This thusly demonstrations to urge various on-screen characters to make more exchanges. IFRS would permit the fiscal summaries to be in a straightforward, nderstandable, and normalized design for speculators and different organizations who are keen on the firm. An examination which directed by Center for Audit Quality on July in the United States shows that sixty-two percent of financial specialists concur that the formation of a solitary, uniform, global arrangement of bookkeeping measures would give them a more significant level of certainty . By and large, combination to IFRS gives numerous advantages, for example, improving similarity as an organization monetary report can without much of a stretch contrasted with another, expanding worldwide speculation course through straightforwardness, diminishing expense of capital hrough worldwide venture opportunity, rising budgetary announcing effectiveness and upgrading money related revealing quality by bringing down the opportunity to do procuring the executives practice. Be that as it may, regardless of the idealistic desires put on IFRS union, the truth appears to be increasingly indistinct. Past exploration which have examined the connection between IFRS reception and market conduct has seen an assortment of results, for moment Horton and Serafeim which research showcase response to IFRS and valuation of IFRS compromise modification, their examination coming about a negative strange return for firms eporting negative profit compromise, obligatory IFRS selection adjusts financial specialists convictions about stock pri

Business Process Improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Process Improvement - Essay Example Harrington (1991) proposed that BPI focuses more on doing the things directly so as to best use the assets that will prompt the accomplishment of the ideal result. As indicated by Harrington (1991), this foundational approach works through the arrangement of the business against with the vital objectives and reasons for the association. From one perspective, one among the procedures that can decipher the achievement of business is through execution the executives of its human asset. Augmenting the assets, specifically, the human asset, in business lined up with the company’s objectives will help the association for development. As indicated by Daniels and Daniels (2004), execution the board is the way toward taking care of the basic components of execution to be specific the conduct and results. Taking care of these components will ensure that the workers are fulfilling the concurred guidelines which realize higher efficiency and inspiration. In any case, execution the executi ves has its own one of a kind inadequacies (Dooren, no date) which are absence of combination, choice difficulties, absence of initiative help, ineptitude, correspondence challenges, motivation challenges, absence of checking, absence of assessment, and usage disappointment as distinguished by Saravanja (Regenesys, 2011). In such manner, this paper gets a handle on the genuine requirement for development of usage of execution the executives. Given this, this exploration for the most part digs at deliberately tending to the weaknesses of execution the executives, explicitly, its usage issues. In tending to the issue zone of execution the board, it highlights proposing a program to deliberately improve the issue. Tasks Management as a Discipline According to Samson and Singh (2008), activities the executives is a zone of the executives which manages the controlling, planning and re †structuring its specific tasks of business that is intended for making merchandise and enterprises . This field of the board takes in the responsibility of ensuring that the association is working at its best so as to play out its most effective working through using just barely any required assets. In addition, this methodology is comprised of key plan, association, arrangement, planning just as executing the errands that can be purchased long †term or short †term. Notwithstanding that, such procedure is worried about making the general tasks in business much more firmly interconnected than they have been beforehand. In such manner, the tasks supervisors should act along with different administrators inside the association to guarantee a smooth business activity. The Processes of Stakeholders The stakeholders’ association in business forms is complex. In the interim, the greatest part done by the partners is their inclusion in the dynamic procedures. This makes the partners play an even expanded significant job in the executives. As indicated by Yosie and Herbst (1998), those associated with partner forms are additionally occupied with a wide exhibit of critical thinking alternatives however such have its own special qualities and shortcomings. A particular meaning of partner doesn't exist however what is known is that they take part in prompting councils, offering discretionary debate answer, unraveling forms, exchange of guidelines, just as deciding (Yosie and Herbst, 1998). For this situation, execution the executives is likewise part of the stakeholders’ forms. Execution managem

What different views of the Duke are presented in acts 1-3 Free Essays

Written in the mid seventeenth century, ‘Measure for Measure’ was one of the numerous plays that Shakespeare wrote to engage his King, which at the time was James I. Shakespeare utilized this play to introduce his own perspectives on the King, and his beliefs of a King through his introduction of the Duke Vincentio. A more unpredictable character than first accepted, Shakespeare changes the Duke all through the play. We will compose a custom article test on What various perspectives on the Duke are introduced in acts 1-3? or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now As the Duke set out on a mission to get away from the weights of his job, yet to gain from his encounters and get himself. The Duke is the primary individual to talk; this is one of Shakespeare’s regular strategies to demonstrate who he considers generally significant in the play. Regardless of whether apparently the story develops around the character of Angelo, under the surface it is clear that the Duke is the impetus behind everything. Toward the beginning of the play we see that the Duke is a man with general ethics, praising the individuals under him. This is Shakespeare demonstrating us from the beginning that he wants the Duke to be viewed as a decent man. In the principal scene we discover that for the leader of a city he abhors being in the open eye, â€Å"I love the individuals, however don't care to arrange me to their eyes†. This statement likewise gives us that he is a noteworthy and caring Duke as he adores his kin, yet he doesn’t have the certainty to declare his position. In the start of the play the perspective on the Duke is defined to be that he is pleasant yet somewhat gutless; permitting his roads to be loaded up with transgression, â€Å"bawds†, â€Å"thief’s†. To re-uphold the assessment that Duke is respectable, Shakespeare causes the Duke to acknowledge deficiency for the express that the town is in, â€Å"’twas my issue to give the individuals scope†, in spite of the fact that he still doesn’t take care of business. At the point when the Duke is conversing with Pompey in act three scene two, we see an alternate character developing. From his ‘real life’ experience he seems to have assembled certainty and is starting to give indications of power, he considers Pompey a â€Å"wicked bawd† to reveal to him how disillusioned he was with him. Anyway these freshly discovered desires must be stifled as he is under the appearance of the Friar, so he utilizes strict references to voice his emotions rather, † if the villain have given thee proofs for sin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Shakespeare utilizes section here to underscore the reality as it is increasingly cadenced and accentuated by the worries in the line because of measured rhyming. Before the finish of act three, the Duke is practically prepared to take the rules back of Angelo, as he has arrived at a point where he comprehends what a pioneer ought to be, and has assembled the information and certainty to advocate for himself; â€Å"He who the blade of paradise will bear ought to be as blessed as severe†. In Shakespeare’s time, Kings were the nearest thing to Gods and along these lines must be impeccable good examples. Here the Duke is stating that they ought to be consummately adjusted; as great and good as they are severe. Anyway the Duke shows a darker side of him, maybe the slight edge of frigidity expected to manage effectively, however all things considered the Duke makes his own delight while under the appearance of the Friar to control the characters to do his arrangement. In spite of the fact that this was done to profit his kin, as he secured the practically honest and furthermore show the liable a thing or two. Shakespeare intentionally controls the audience’s supposition o the Duke all through the play as the character himself changes definitely from beginning to end. Right off the bat we see his understudies having extraordinary regard for him, â€Å"always respectful to your grace’s will†. Anyway in act three it turns out to be obvious to the crowd that the townspeople just like him since they are permitted to do however they see fit. The character of Lucio represents the sentiments of the townspeople when he tells the Duke himself, (camouflaged as the monk) that he doesn’t question the insight or respect of the Duke, calling him â€Å"wise†; albeit likewise alluding to him as, â€Å"Avery shallow, uninformed, unweighing fellow†. Therefore explaining that the townspeople don’t know the Duke and additionally that the Duke doesn’t know them, â€Å"ignorant†. There is banter anyway that Lucio knows that is the Duke and is purposely utilizing this to voice his actual assessments of him, or maybe simply for his own diversion as Lucio is a joker type character. Anyway it could be countered by saying this is unreasonably canny for Lucio and this is basically a comedic scene as Lucio is ‘putting his foot in his mouth’. Shakespeare causes the Duke to talk in stanza here, filling numerous needs; right off the bat since it is progressively loose as the scene is a parody. Besides in light of the fact that it is a scene to move the narrative of the play on and stanza would take to long. We likewise assemble the character of Escalus’ assessment of the Duke while he is as yet masked, in spite of the fact that it is incredible differentiation to Lucio’s. The character of Escalus shows up as the savvy old promoter, bringing up straight away one of the key topics of the whole play and furthermore one of the primary reasons that the Duke sought refuge; â€Å"above all different struggles fought particularly to know himself†. It is likewise discussed that Escalus knew about the camouflage and knew precisely what he was doing, yet for this situation it is bound to be the situation, as Escalus is the ‘right-hand-man’. This hypothesis is strengthened by the way that Escalus at that point praises the Duke, realizing that noteworthy the way that the Duke’s inward most feelings of dread are obvious to another person, he gives a sofa-bed, â€Å"Rather cheering to see another joyful, than happy at anything which declared to make him rejoice†. Implying that the Duke would prefer to see others upbeat than be cheerful himself. I feel that the genuine assessment of the Duke lies some place in the middle of Lucio’s and Escalus’ sees, as he was oblivious of the townspeople, anyway he is shrewd and mindful, appeared by they way he manages Angelo toward the finish of the play. Step by step instructions to refer to What various perspectives on the Duke are introduced in acts 1-3?, Papers

Personal Assets That Can Help You Pay for College

Savings: One of the Best Personal Assets for College Tuition Figuring out how to pay for your childs college education can be daunting. If your student has a shortfall, then figuring out if any personal assets are viable options for making up the difference is wise.Even if your child could cover it with student loans, choosing to use certain personal assets to pay for college might be a better direction.If you want to explore which options might be available to you, here are a few worth considering.Please note: We are not financial advisors. You should always speak with your Certified Financial Planner or Advisor before deciding to tap into financial assets for college.529 College Savings Plans529 College Savings Plans are personal assets designed to help students pay for college. Plus, they are factored into FAFSA calculations (albeit minimally), affecting your childs ability to secure need-based aid.By using funds from a 529 plan to pay for college, you increase your students eligibility for need-based aid in subsequent years and put the mon ey towards its intended purpose. Additionally, by directing the money to qualifying college expenses, you avoid paying taxes on any earnings, which is a bonus in and of itself.Ultimately, by directing 529 savings towards your childs educational expenses, you are allowing these personal assets to serve their ideal purpose, making college more affordable for your student.Savings: One of the Best Personal Assets for College TuitionWhen it comes to paying for college, cold hard cash is hard to beat. Even if you cant pay for college entirely with savings, this is one of your personal assets that smart to tap.Why? Because savings accounts typically dont earn much interest. Even high-yield savings accounts generally dont make more than 1 percent annually, which usually doesnt beat inflation, let alone the interest rate on a student loan.Plus, money in savings is factored into your students FAFSA, lowering the amount of financial aid they receive.Cashing Out Non-Retirement Investment Accoun tsStocks, bonds, CDs, money market, mutual funds, and other non-retirement investments are other personal assets that are factored into FAFSA calculations. Having these forms of investments can lower the amount of financial aid your student qualifies for, increasing the odds that they will need scholarships, loans, or other sources of money to pay for college.Cashing out your non-retirement investment accounts can free up funds to help cover your childs tuition. Plus, in subsequent years, they may qualify for additional financial aid based on their FAFSA, decreasing the out-of-pocket expense.However, you dont want to rush to cash out these personal assets without doing some research. If an investment is earning more in interest than a student loan costs, youll experience a net loss.For example, if your investment account is earning 8 percent annually, and your student qualifies for federal Direct Subsidized or Direct Unsubsidized loans at 4.45 percent (the current amount for disburs als before July 2018), keeping the investment may be a smarter financial decision as long as the impact to your childs FAFSA is minimal. This is especially true for subsidized loans where they dont begin to accrue interest until after your student graduates.If your investment is earning more, but you still want to free your child from student loan debt, you can always cash out once payments are due. This allows you to earn interest while they are in school, creating a net gain, yet still cover the costs.But, if you discover that your personal assets held as investments arent earning more in interest than a student loan costs, using your non-retirement accounts to pay for college can be a great option. This is similarly true if cashing out and using the money to pay their tuition allows them to access more financial aid based on their subsequent FAFSA and creates a net gain situation.Related articles:How Scholarships Can Free Up 529 Plan MoneyHow to Pay for CollegeShould Parents Pay for College?Real Estate as Personal Assets to Help Pay for CollegeIf you own real estate, with or without a current mortgage, it can be a vehicle for paying for your childs college. Typically, you have a few options for using these personal assets, depending on the property type, its value, and the remaining amount you owe.Home EquityHome equity can be a source of money to help pay for college. Generally, youll need to take out a home equity loan, do a cashback refinance, or open a home equity line of credit to access these funds.The amount you can take out varies depending on your situation. For example, between your mortgage and any subsequent home-related credit, you might need to leave at least 20 percent in equity untapped to satisfy the lender and avoid costly PMI.Lenders have a lot of say regarding the use of home equity. Each institution can set its own standards regarding qualifying, interest rates, fees, and more. In some cases, the interest rate and fees would cost more t han securing a student loan for a similar amount, so youll need to see what costs come with using your home as a source of money for college expenses.Its also important to note that your house serves as collateral for these loans and lines of credit. If you fail to repay the lender, they can attempt to foreclose on your home. Typically, a familys home is one of their most valuable personal assets, so this decision shouldnt be taken lightly.Secondary PropertiesIf you own additional properties, such as rentals or vacation homes, then you have some options here as well. For example, you can use equity on the property to fund your childs education or sell it if you dont need it.Ultimately, you have to determine if these personal assets need to be maintained or if you can let them go. Income-generating properties may produce enough money to make them worth keeping, and vacation homes provide you with enjoyment that would otherwise be unaffordable.However, you do have options for using th ese personal assets as a way to pay for college, so its worth exploring if you havent considered it already.Qualifying Retirement AccountsTypically, tapping your retirement accounts for purposes other than retirement isnt ideal. These personal assets provide you with security after you leave the working world, allowing you to live comfortable by using the money in place of traditional income.However, if you have a Roth IRA and dont have any other option, you can withdraw your contributions tax-free should the need arise. Additionally, if you are at least 59 , you can use your earnings without penalty if youve held the account for at least 5 years.As long as earnings withdrawals are used for qualifying college expenses, including for your child, you wont pay a 10 percent penalty for an early withdrawal. However, you will owe taxes on the money.Additionally, there is no benefit on the FAFSA for using personal assets in retirement accounts. These funds arent used in FAFSA calculations for need-based aid, so only choose this option if no other choice remains.Other Personal Assets Worth ExploringIn some cases, you may have additional personal assets that could help your child pay for college. Vehicles, collectibles, art, and antiques, and similar items, may all have value.Generally, you would have to sell these items if you want to help with college tuition. In some cases, this can be challenging, particularly if you want top dollar.For example, art and antiques may require you to work with a reputable dealer or auction house, which means youll need to pay a commission. Further, it can take a lot of time to find a suitable buyer, so some of these personal assets might not be very liquid.But, if you happen to have some valuable items on-hand and are willing to part with them, it doesnt hurt to see what they are worth and determine if selling them would be a smart decision.Ultimately, which personal assets you choose to use to help your student pay for college will a lways be a personal choice. Just make sure, if you do use some of your assets, that youll experience a net gain when compared to securing student loans or other options. That way, you know you are coming out ahead, which is usually the most important goal.If you and your student would like to learn more abouthow to find scholarshipsthat can help pay for college, sign up for ourfree college scholarship webinar! We cover how to spot the scams so you can make sure your student is applying to scholarships that are actually worth their time. Join the next free training here:www.thescholarshipsystem.com/freewebinar.

Symbols in As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 948 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: As I Lay Dying Essay Did you like this example? Can something as simple as symbols and imagery create an outstanding novel? William Faulkners novel As I Lay Dying is a story of a family on their forty mile journey to bury Addie, a mother and wife. Their journey is a tragic and long. In William Faulkners novel As I Lay Dying, Faulkner uses symbols and imagery to fully define the characters and themes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Symbols in As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner" essay for you Create order Throughout the novel, Cash, mentions his tools repeatedly and shows readers how important they are to him. He has returned to the trestles, stooped again in the lanterns feeble glare as he gathers up his tools and wipes them on a cloth carefully and puts them into the box with its leather sling to go over the shoulder. Then he takes up box, lantern and raincoat and returns to the house (Faulkner 80). Cashs tools serve as a symbol of his personality. Cash tends to want to fix things, or make things right. He uses his tools to make his mothers coffin in her honor because he believes in love and family. Using his tools to build something, or taking his time to do something for someone is a big commitment to Cash. He sees his tools as something very special to him. Cash is a man of action; when they cross the river, Cash is set on saving his tools; Even his family members try to save the tools because they know how important they are to Cash. In this novel, Vardaman catches a fish for dinner and it serves him a major symbol to understand the meaning of death. It was not here. I was there, looking. I saw. I thought it was her, but it was not. It was not my mother..It was not here because it was laying right yonder in the dirt. And now its all chopped up. I chopped it up. Its laying in the kitchen in the bleeding pan, waiting to be cooked and et (Faulkner 66). A wave of obsessive thoug hts arise to Vardamans mind when he catches the fish. He makes the connection between the fish and his mother. The fish, and his mother, are in a different state of existence now, other than him, and this makes Vardaman think his mother is the fish. The thought of the dead fish helps Vardaman grieve over his mothers death, as he is only able to understand mortality through the fishs death. The connection between the fish and Addie comes up again during the river part, when Vardaman compares the fish in the river to his mothers coffin. Jewel has a horse that is very important to him. He works every night to save up for this horse. Its not your horse thats dead, Jewel.Jewels mother is a horse (Faulkner 94, 196). Jewels relationship with his horse shows his decision to isolate himself from the rest of his family. Jewel is not a Bundren child through blood; however, he says his desire to leave the family is strong. In order to buy the horse, Jewel had to work every day, and lied to his family. Darl even says that Jewels mother is a horse. When Anse trades Jewels horse in for a new team of mules, Anse is stripping Jewel from the family and taking away his independence. Eyes are described a great deal of times throughout the novel. First, Darl describes Jewels eyes, Anse describes his son Darls eyes, Cora talks about Addies eyes: Her eyes are like two candles when you watch them gutter down into the sockets of iron candle-sticks. But the eternal and the everlasting salvation and grace is not upon her (Faulkner 8). Dewey Dell has an odd obsession with Darls eyes. the land runs out of Darls eyes; they swim to pinpoints. They begin at my feet and rise along my body to my face, and them my dress is gone: I sit naked on the seat above the unhurrying mules, above the travail (Faulkner 121). The symbols of eyes explains bigger plot ideas in the novel. Dewey Dell finds Darls eyes threatening because she finds him intimidating because he knows about her baby; He basically sees right through her. Addies coffin is a main symbol in this novel. It would just be me and her on a high hill and me rolling the rocks down the hill at their faces, picking them up and throwing them down the hill, faces and teeth and all by God until she was quiet and not that goddamn adze going One lick less. One lick less and we could be quiet (Faulkner 15). The coffin serves as a symbol of unbalanced and heavy weight on the whole family, figuratively and literally. As Addie rots in the coffin, the family gets more and more tired of carrying her body. The longer they travel the more they question why they are doing this for her. While they carry the coffin, they break apart as a family. When the coffin is heaved off balance by Addies body, the coffin becomes a reason for all of the familys troubles. Burying the coffin is also important to the familys capability to return to some sort of a normal state. These four major symbols are extremely important to tying the main idea together throughout the novel. William Faulkner adds these symbols to clue in readers that this family is superstitious. In William Faulkners novel As I Lay Dying, Faulkner expresses characters and themes through symbols and imagery. How William Faulkner uses symbols in this novel brings the story together and gives readers a deeper connection to the characters. Works Cited Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying: The Corrected Text. First Vintage international edition. Vintage Books, 1990.

The Causes Of Obesity And Obesity - 1519 Words

Aaron Heiden Robert S. Pilsner WR 121 17 March 2013 The Causes of Obesity Many people speculate that obesity is genetic, but is it? Is childhood obesity caused by a lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet, or both? Obese people, or more commonly referred to as fat people or overweight people, are defined as adults who’s BMI (body mass index) is over 30 percent. There have always been overweight people in human society, but the rate of growth for this percentage of our population has been steadily rising in the last few decades. When it comes to the topic of obesity, most of us will readily agree that it is a problem. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of why it is happening. Whereas some are convinced that this trait is genetic, others maintain that people become obese simply due to diet and lack of exercise. In discussions of overweight children, one controversial issue has been who is at risk. On the one hand, A. Cattaneo argues that â€Å"†¦excess adiposity is a key risk factor for many chronic diseases.† On the other hand, Reilly, J. J. contends that there is a â€Å"†¦need for practical, objective, methods that both identify the fattest children and adolescents adequately, and identify those who are at greatest risk of the ‘co-morbidities’ of obesity.† Others even maintain these traits are genetic and obese people are not more at risk than others. My own view is obesity is not inherited genetically, and that maintaining a proper diet and exercising canShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1508 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Obesity When it comes to people health, what usually comes up in mind? People may think of some disease, such as cancer or stroke, but nobody thinks about Obesity, which has become one of the biggest issues in America. Obesity is the accumulation of unnecessary body fat. It is a lifestyle disease that is spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seemsRead MoreThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes of Obesity Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern; it also increases your risk for cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and muscular skeletal disorders. It is estimated that obesity affects more than a third of the American adult population and seventeen percent of the American children population (Moores, 2005). Obesity has many definitions; one of the many definitions is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negativeRead MoreCauses Of Obesity756 Words   |  4 Pagescosts of care for treating three diseases. Obesity, Diabetes, and high blood pressure are the most spreading diseases in the United States and cost the country a huge amount of money for treatments. Obesity or the extra weight harms health in many ways. It raises the danger of developing circumstances, such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, heart disease, and some types of cancers, to name just a few, and cuts the life distance. Treating obesity or any obesity related situations costs the country billionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity Causes And Solutions1658 Words   |  7 PagesObesity Causes and Solutions In recent decades, obesity has grown to become considered an epidemic. In Natalie Boreo’s book â€Å"Killer Fat†, she discusses this obesity epidemic along with its social, political, economic, and moral influences. A number of factors contribute to the high instances of obesity; a person’s lifestyle, eating habits, culture, sedentary behaviors, activity levels, socioeconomic status, among many others. Sociologists seek to understand the physical, emotional and social influencesRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words   |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self- esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses of Childhood Obesity630 Words   |  3 Pageshowever, can be a problem to many children. This is referred to as obesity, when it occurs among children between ages 2 and 8 it is called childhood referred. Childhood obesity has been on the rise for the past few decades and it is making the lives of children shorter. Childhood obesity can be the outcome of many influences. Economic factors, an unmonitored environment, and lack of activity, are some effects of childhood obesity. To start with, the first and major reason causing children to beRead MoreThe Chief Causes Of Obesity1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chief Causes of Obesity As we all know the obesity has become a great problem for many people around the world. A research shows that 34.9% of adults in the United States are obese, and the money used for health problems relating to obesity has greatly increased. The estimated cost was $147 billion in 2008, and the cost for obese people were $1,429 higher than normal people (cdc.gov). There are a lot of factors which makes many Americans obese. The chief causes of obesity are bad food choicesRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In America1030 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a big problem in the United States today. According to Harvard Womens Health Watch, â€Å"33% of American adults are obese, compared with 15% in the late 1970s. More than 60% of women are overweight or obese†. When it comes to losing weight, many people devotedly believe in the 80/20 rule, which is what and how a person eats is 80% of the effort in losing weight. This is somewhat disconcerting if these people live in America because of th e obesity epidemic currently going on, which is causedRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. Adolescence is perfect exampleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity686 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of Obesity Overview Obesity according to Birmingham and Treasure means there is an excess of adipose tissue (fat) in the body (195). Today, hardly a day goes without the mention of an obesity related issue in the news. In a way, obesity is increasingly becoming a national epidemic. As medical practitioners debate on whether or not obesity should be regarded a disease, policy makers are mulling over what course of action should be adopted so as to rein in the problem of obesity

Scarce Resources Sea-Level Rise

Question: Describe Scarce Resources for Sea-Level Rise. Answer: Introduction Scarcity of Water is a challenge not only in Australia but around the globe. Water being among the human basic needs plays a critical role in each and every ones everyday life. Globally water is among the most significant resource not only to human being but also to other living things that is flora and fauna. The term water scarcity can be defined as lack of safe water supply or simply lack of enough water resource to meet ones or regions demand (Barnett, 2013, pp.37-49) . From the definition its clear that water scarcity does not only result from quantity but may be as a result of insufficient quality. Water scarcity is of critical concern in Australia first because it is the driest inhabited continent in the world, and secondly the country is among the major food exporters worldwide. The demand for water in the country is accelerated by the frequent drought and flood phenomenal that befalls the country. The challenge of water scarcity is not only brought about by natural causes bu t is also instigated and accelerated by anthropogenic factors. Among the anthropogenic causes of the water scarcity is water wastage, pollution and unsustainable management (Capon, 2014, p110). Water scarcity in Australia In Australia like many other countries of the world water is a treasured resource. Australians primarily depend on water for domestic use, drinking, industrial purpose and majorly in agriculture activity (Dijk, 2013, pp.1040-1057). As mentioned earlier the country is a major food exporter in the world which is mainly grown under irrigation as a higher percentage of the land cover is either arid or semi-arid. Competition and demand for water by different sectors in Australia result to acceleration of the problem of water scarcity in the country. The other anthropogenic cause that all Australians have witnessed is overexploitation of the water sources from the surface to underground sources (Hoekstra, 2012, p.e32688). The volume of water in rivers and streams have drastically dropped, boreholes have dried up as a result of dropping water table, salt water intrusion in fresh water sources, drying up of wetlands, increased desertification, extinction of species are all examples of physic al evidence of scarcity of water in the country. A good example is Murray-Darling River whose volume as reported by geologist has been continually dropping to an alarming extent, where the in year 2007 the federal government had to take over the authority of the river from the four states that the river flows through (Wheeler, 2014, pp.28-41). Other factors includes population increase, urbanization, increased affluence among the Australians which all contribute to increased demand and mismanagement of the already scarce resource thus magnifying the problem. Urbanization also contributes scarcity in terms of quality as there has been increased waste generation rates with more and more people living in the urban area in the country. On the other hand the natural calamities befalling the country not only reduce the quantity but also affects the quality of the water resource. The main natural calamities contributing to water scarcity in Australia includes drought and floods (Kummu, 2014, pp.447-461). Climatic condition in the country is highly variable from region to another as well as from one season to another. The climate variability and change in the past few decades has been the main magnifier of the water resource availability challenge to an extent of a crisis in some parts of the country impacting on the development p rocess. There has been a major drop in the annual average rainfall since 1980 approximately by a third and stagnated there. Since rainfall is what supplements and to some extent replenish the water source, its scarcity means increased unavailability thus water scarcity throughout the country. El Nio is the other periodic weather pattern that affects Australias water availability. Simply it is the warming up of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean surface water which results to above normal average rainfall amount received in a particular region and flooding occurrences. On the other hand there is a drying condition that occurs when the humid air is carried away to cause El Nio. The dry condition is referred to as La Nia. The phenomenal occurs at an irregular interval of about two to seven years where in one case heavy rains falls and floods the coastal area in Peru, while on the other hand the south eastern parts of Australia suffers from drought occurrence. Although prediction of when it will occur is done the duration which may range from few months to as much as several years is difficult to tell. Thus the repercussions brought abought by the phenomenal is only minimally managed resulting to an accelerated water scarcity in the country. An example is the changing in volume of Darling stream which is a major tributary of the Murray river from as much as 911% to as little as 0.04% of the widely known average (Sahin, 2016, pp.348-361). Among the strategies to cub water scarcity in Australia includes maintaining the health of the river where some territories and states have begun a strategy termed as the environmental flows that entails provision and allocation of water to the environment. This plays a critical role in solving the scarcity challenge while ensuring that the society in the state continues with their economic activities that depends on the availability of clean water. Next is agricultural water management practices including removing stock from waterways, trees and shrubs maintenance, earthworks, drains and water pumping. As agriculture is major economic activity in the country, management of water ensures availability not only of water but quality water. Water trading has been widely adopted throughout the country as has been regarded to play critical role of valuing water by community, the government and all water users. Water trading ensures value addition which means an additional income. Australia has also adopted water restriction which has assisted in household water conservation. This has been enabled by provision of incentives by state and territory governments e.g. installation of water saving devices like dual flush toilets. Conservation of water has assisted the community and the government to save as less water is consumed thus reduction of expenses. Lastly is rainwater tank instillation especially in the capital cities where more than 11% source water from rainwater tanks. The rain water is the most affordable source as the expenses only includes water tank and the gutters. Rain water harvesting also helps in saving energy as no pumping is required unlike the case of underground sources. (Qureshi, 2013, pp.136-145). Conclusion In conclusion water scarcity is a challenge that can be solved and forgotten if only each and every one in Australia can be committed to ensuring its sustainable use and management. By this I mean only using the resource in the most appropriate manner only when necessary. It should be everyones business to protect and conserve the water sources. References Barnett, J., ONeill, S., Waller, S. and Rogers, S., 2013. Reducing the risk of maladaptation in response to sea-level rise and urban water scarcity.Successful adaptation to climate change: linking science and policy in a rapidly changing world. New York: Routledge, pp.37-49. Capon, S., 2014. 6 Adapting water resources management to drought and water scarcity in Australias MurrayDarling Basin.Adaptation to Climate Change Through Water Resources Management: Capacity, Equity and Sustainability, p.110. Dijk, A.I., Beck, H.E., Crosbie, R.S., Jeu, R.A., Liu, Y.Y., Podger, G.M., Timbal, B. and Viney, N.R., 2013. The Millennium Drought in southeast Australia (20012009): Natural and human causes and implications for water resources, ecosystems, economy, and society.Water Resources Research,49(2), pp.1040-1057. Hoekstra, A.Y., Mekonnen, M.M., Chapagain, A.K., Mathews, R.E. and Richter, B.D., 2012. Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.PLoS One,7(2), p.e32688. Kummu, M., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Konzmann, M. and Varis, O., 2014. Climate-driven interannual variability of water scarcity in food production potential: a global analysis.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18(2), pp.447-461. Qureshi, M.E., Hanjra, M.A. and Ward, J., 2013. Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change.Food Policy,38, pp.136-145. Sahin, O., Siems, R.S., Stewart, R.A. and Porter, M.G., 2016. Paradigm shift to enhanced water supply planning through augmented grids, scarcity pricing and adaptive factory water: a system dynamics approach.Environmental Modelling Software,75, pp.348-361. Wheeler, S., Loch, A., Zuo, A. and Bjornlund, H., 2014. Reviewing the adoption and impact of water markets in the MurrayDarling Basin, Australia.Journal of Hydrology,518, pp.28-41.

Women in the Cuban Revolution Essay Example

Women in the Cuban Revolution Essay Throughout the course of history, many revolutions have brought forth the greatest outcomes of a country. The Revolutionary movement of Cuba during 1959 was a pathway to independence and also a separation of gender roles fought by women. This Revolution for Independence is also a revolution in the changes of women roles. Women had legal rights that were protected by law due to the participation in the Revolution of Cuba equal codes gender, legal entitlements, and many other rights were created. The Cuban Revolution started in 1959 when a small group of guerrillas and urban insurrectionists overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. A transformation of government modernized Cuba, the redistribution of wealth, separation of church and state, and the economic and political power of selected Cuban families were changed by the socialistic Revolution fought by Fidel Castrov. Castrov’s new change in Cuba also affected women’s lives. Castrov said that, â€Å"A people whose women fight alongside men – that people is (sic) invincible. the traditional behaviors of women were challenged. Pre-Revolutionary women had minimal rights; they were bared by gender roles in the Latin American community. The Revolution affected all life-aspects of the Latin American continent; however, women were highly affected by the Revolution. President Batista created the Cuban Constitution of 1940 which prohibited the discrimination of sex. When Fidel Castrov began to challenge Batista’s administration, women from the middle and upper classes began to utilize their skills and supported Fiedel Castrov’s movements. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Cuban Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Cuban Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Cuban Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The women used their skills in writing, networking, and they were â€Å"selling war bonds and producing rebel uniforms, taking part in propaganda work, participating in action and sabotaged units in the cities, transporting arms, and fighting in the mountains. † (Randall 1981, 22). The women support for Castrov’s movements has incredibly increased nationalism for the people of Cuba. â€Å"Cuba ought to be free and independent, and the government should be turned over to the Cuban people. † (McKinley), he support of women in Fidel Castrov’s Revolutionary movement in July 26 by the Women’s Marti Civic Front and the endless support of The Revolutionary Women’s Union (UFR) constituted the victory and pathway of equality for Cuban women. Feminists organized groups such as the UFR in which they began an extensive door-to-door campaign to fundraise and recruit. Women were arguably capable of doing any task a male can do at this time. Some Women were on the war-fronts fighting; they wielded weapons and shot enemies. Women also served as nurses and suppliers to the army, the contribution of women skillset also represented the importance and expectations of women during this time. These women changed traditional gender roles; they participated in the Revolution politically and militarily. In Havana, Cuba 1959 the first-women platoon, Mariana Grajales Brigade, found themselves a victory in the revolution. The women fought alongside the men and this – provided the necessary facts that women were important, the victory of these women guaranteed a positive change in the hierarchical status of gender. Melba Hernandez, the general of the first-women platoon states, â€Å"We [the women] of Cuba are revolutionists, we will fight for the equality of women for our future generations to come. † In the year 1960, the Federation of Cuban Women was recognized by the Cuban Government, they work to ensure the protection of Women’s Rights, and they are activists and politicians that still fight for gender equality. Women and men now share the same legal entitlements, job opportunities, sickness and maternal benefits, social security benefits, etc.

CNC SYSTEMS AND SOME TYPES OF essays

CNC SYSTEMS AND SOME TYPES OF essays Numerical Control (NC) refers to the operation of machine tools from numerical data. Data are stored on paper, magnetic tape, computer storage disks or direct computer information. CNC Systems which have some important functions like being automatic, precise and consistent motion control has different types in different areas. CNC machines used to be associated with high volume production due to the time involved in machine programming, however new computer technologies along with software advances allow easy programming of CNC machines for low production parts. The program is an organized list of commands used repeatedly to obtain identical results. The way in which the CNC program is used to interact with the machine tool defines the type of CNC system. Systems à ½sing manual programming and punched paper or magnetic tape to store the program are known as numerical control machines. Equipment having a host computer controlliing one or more machine tools are known as CNC systems. Either type may have a dial control future, which is the ability to dial directly each axis dimension for the workpiece. Computer numerical control systems use a dedicated program to perform NC functions in accordance with control commands stored in computer memory. The computer provides basic computing capacity and data buffering as a part of the control unit. CNC is also known as soft wired, implying that the can be changed along with built-in control features. In addition, the computer is used as a terminal to accept information from another computer or telephone data. If the host computer is external to the machine tool and commands several machines as well as other NC devices, the system is a direct numerical control (DNC) system. If a microprocessor that interacts with the host computer is used as a resident controller in the machine tool, the equipment is a distributed numerical control (DNC) sys ...

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 242

Assignment Example investigation before discipline, proof of guilt, reasonable penalty, absence of discrimination, and fair investigation imply that an employee may have been wrongly terminated. 3. The Fair Labor Standard Act describes two categories of employees; exempt and non-exempt. According to the legislation, exempt employees are not governed by this act and must be paid a fixed salary and meet certain criteria in relation to the job content. Non-exempt employees are covered by the act and are entitle to overtime pay. 4. Job evaluation refers to the process of determining the relative worth of one job to another. Performance evaluation refers to a process of determining, documenting, and evaluating and employee’s job performance. 5. The Lead policy ascribes to an organization’s pay structure that is set to remain ahead of the market for an annum. The match policy sets an organization compensation structure to bare similarity to that of the market. The lag policy sets the pay structure of an organization behind that of its market competitors. 9. Training focuses on the current job while development focuses on current and future jobs at the organization. Training has a shorter time frame compared to development in that it is immediate while development takes on a long term time frame. The scope of training aims at individual employees while development targets at the work group organization. The goal of training is at fixing a current skill deficit among employees while development prepares employees for future work demands. An example of training is onboarding where freshly hired management level employees are imparted with skills to perform the immediate tasks placed on them. An example of a development program for employees is off-site training where employees get to attend seminars and course offered outside the organization, which can assist them to come up with creative solutions towards ongoing

Critical thinking for resort management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical thinking for resort management - Essay Example It is also considered as the pattern of several collaborative behaviors that are taught to the new members of an organization as a way of feeling, thinking and perceiving. Organizational culture affects the way groups and people interact with each other, with stakeholders, and with several clients in an organization. Several organizations in this world follow different types of organizational cultures. In terms of business perspective, organizational culture is also known as corporate culture. Culture of an organization can be identified through its business performance, employee management, customer services and structure of hierarchy, decision making strategy and information flow. Major Elements of Organizational Culture Organizational behaviors, values, beliefs and assumptions are considered as the major elements of organizational culture. The behavior allowed within an organization is a key element which is crucial to the strength of that organization’s corporate culture. Organizational behavior includes several things, such as use of technology by the employees and dress code of all the members of an organization. Organizational value is considered as one of the major element of the organization’s corporate culture. The value of an organization has great impact on its employees and members. The value of an organization can dictate the particular behaviors exhibited by its members. Examples include dedication to effective customer service, accountability of individual behavior, and personal and corporate integrity. Assumptions and beliefs are considered as the fundamental elements of an organizational culture. Leaders or the managers of an organization develop several strategies and implement those on the basis of assumptions and beliefs. These assumptions and beliefs are directly related with the organizational performance. The organizational beliefs can influence and motivate the managers to treat their colleagues and subordinates with valua ble respect that they actually deserve. Positive beliefs enhance effective workforce and business outcome. In addition to these, there are other elements that contribute to an effective organizational culture. Symbols and rituals are also referred as key elements of an organizational culture that enhances employee and employer morale. Organizational Culture’s Relationship with Organization’s Strategy and Performance Effective and strong organizational culture helps the managers of several departments within an organization to motivate their employees. Organization with effective corporate culture follows high business ethics that enhance high business performance and employee morale. An employee always expects significant compensation and reward against their hard work and effective performance. In addition to this, strong organizational culture helps the managers to develop effective strategies that can successfully drive the organizations towards business objectives. Therefore, it is important for an organization to maintain effective and strong corporate culture to maintain motivated workforce, significant strategy development process and high business output. Section 3 A review and critical thinking on resort management would help to help to establish the link between the culture of organization, the strategic management of the organizations and the future performance as an implication of effective strategies. The resorts and hotels are solely a service-based industry and thus the main assets of these resorts are the

Macbeth Assessment Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Assessment Essay Macbeth written in 1606 has proven to be one of Shakespeares most successful and popular plays. It wasnt just the plays that were popular William Shakespeare born 1564 is the most famous play writer in the world. He was born in Stratford upon Avon. He wrote 34 plays, Macbeth being just one of them. There are many reasons why Macbeth has proven to be so popular. It is the third shortest play written by Shakespeare, it is fast moving including death, murder, deception, and betrayal. The play follows the story of a man who was desperate for power and turns to murder to get his own way. It has conserved its title as an exceptional play as it appeals to audiences both today and in Shakespeares time, by including factors that appeal to everyone. In Shakespeares time people would be intrigued by the supernatural, as they were xenophobic, they took a dislike towards the witches. They didnt understand them even today when we know a little more about the supernatural it is still a topic people would like to know more about. The play makes you want more. You want to find out if he was a good king or if he would really murder his best friend. It is an unpredictable play you dont know what is going to happen. Theatre going was very popular in the 1600s because not only was it for the rich the poor could enjoy the entertainment as well. Many people enjoyed the magic of the theatre, thats what made it such a success. The globe built in 1599 was one of the first theatres in London, it could seat over 3,000 people but sadly tragedy struck in 1613 when the great fire of London burnt down the theatre along with many other famous landmarks. It was a great loss in everyones eye, so a year later the globe was replaced. It cost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,400 to rebuild. It didnt take long before the theatre had paid for its self as it was so popular. The poor people would sit in the pit they would only have to pay 1p but if it rained they would get wet, as there was no shelter. The rich people could sit around the sides where they would be able to see everything as the seats were tiered along the sides they were sheltered from the cold. They would have had to pay around 10p for their seat. As a variety of people attended the play would have to cater for a range of people. Not a play for the rich or poor. If the king didnt approve of they play he could stop the performances. Shakespeares plays were clever they contained blood guts and gore. The monarchy and the political situation at the time had much to do with why the play had proven to be so popular. King James the first was new to the throne, as Elizabeth had died. Elizabeth was a popular queen where as James the first had shown to be very disliked. They worried what king James would be like on the throne they were right to be worried King James was evil he burnt and tortured Catholics. The declining catholic population soon grew to hate him and in 1605 a plot was taken against him in hope he would die. Guy Folkes attempted to blow the house of parliament up in The gun powder plot fortunately for the king he was unsuccessful. He was later executed. A year later when Shakespeare was writing Macbeth he had to be very careful on what he included. If James the first did not like the play and took offence to it then he could have Shakespeare killed. Shakespeares presented the play in good light. He displayed Duncan the king as a good king whom people loved, James would have liked this as he thought it portrayed himself but really Shakespeare was showing James to be Macbeth. The play showed a warning if a man killed the king he would suffer a fate as bad. The main theme of the play shows a man who is led to despair by his controlling wife. He starts as a loyal soldier serving his king to the very best. Due to his service he was made Thane of Cowdor, but that was not enough for him and his power mad wife. They thought of an evil plot to kill the beloved Duncan. They arranged to kill him in his bed and make it look as if his own guards have killed him. They succeeded in their plot for greatness. Macbeth is crowned king. Duncans sons who would have been next to the thrown, but they fled as they thought they were suspects for the murder. Macbeth now had the taste for murder. He killed his best friend Banquo. Later he tried to kill Macduff a fellow soldier but was unsuccessful as Mac duff got away. Macbeth was mad by this and instead of trying to kill Macduff he killed his wife and children. How could a man be so cruel as he may have suffered the pain of a child being taken from his life. Macduff was on his way to England to fetch an army thousands big. Lady Macbeth went mad with guilt and killed herself. Once Macbeth heard news of the triumph against him he started to worry. He got ready for a fight he placed on his amour ready. When Macduff arrived they fought their way into Macbeths castle in Dunsinane. Macbeth fought till the very end until it became too much he suffered a soldiers death. The supernatural had a large role in the play Macbeth. Macbeth included the supernatural, as the audience then were scared and shocked by it. They were scared of witches as they thought of them as bad. So when the play Macbeth was written Shakespeare included witches in the very start. This would have shocked the audience making them interested in the play from the very start. They would want to know what happened to them. Audiences now would be curious to see the supernatural and how the witches act. The witches cropped up several times in the play to keep the audience watching. The witches open the play when shall we three meet again, in thunder, lightning or in the rain? When the hurly burlys done, when the battles lost and won, that will be the set of the sun where the place upon the heath Macbeth is a very fast moving play, which included a lot of action. The play is short, it is so fast moving to keep the audiences attention. I think the action and length were quite important to an audience. If the play were long and lacked action the play would be unpopular and found boring. Plays had to appeal to everyone it would be important to keep them interested and as there would be peasants viewing they would have to cater for them. The plots would have to be quite straightforward so the peasants could understand. The main events in the play link with each other. The witches have an important role in the play on the heath in act 1 scene one and again in act 1 scene 3. They tell Macbeth and Banquo their future. The next important scene is Act 1 scene 5 when Duncan comes to stay with Macbeth to celebrate Macbeth becoming the Thane of Cowdor but sadly Duncan is brutally murdered in his own bed. Macbeth is forced to do the deed by his crazed wife. Then Macbeth is crowned king. The next important scene is when Macbeth gets Banquo killed and Banquos ghost comes to haunt him. Lady Macbeth tries to make excuses to cover his moments of madness. She tells the people not to leave, as this will offend him. Dray you keep seat. The fit is momentary upon a thought. He will again be well. If much you note him you shall offend him and extend his passion feeds and regard him not. The witches then appear again in act 4 scene 1. This time the witches didnt find Macbeth, Macbeth went to find the witches. He wanted to know more. So the witches tell Macbeth in words, which have a double meaning. This makes Macbeth thinks he is going to rule as king for a long time. Macbeth next tries to kill Macduff but is too late Macduff is already on his way to England to fetch an army to kill Macbeth. Then Malcolm can return as the rightful king. In rage Macbeth kills Macduffs wife and children. Meanwhile his own wife is going mad with guilt. She thinks she has a spot of Duncans blood on he hand, which she cant wash off. This time lady Macbeth has turned out to be the one with feelings instead of being callas. She had always called Macbeth a coward for showing signs of feeling Are you a man? he often tries to prove himself. What man dare, I dare Lady Macbeth becomes so deranged she kills herself. Then we meet the biggest scene, act 5 scene 3 at Dunsinane castle. Malcolms army fight there way into Macbeths castle to return the rightful king to the thrown. Many play writers would have included guts and gore to surprise the audience. If all plays were written about love and everything was perfect plays would become boring. Showing guts and gore with lots of action would keep the audiences interested. The technology back then wasnt that good not compared with today, but audiences back then would be impressed by Shakespeares use of trap doors and fake blood. The trap doors would be used for the witches and Banquos ghost to appear and disappear. This would reflect the power of the witches . They may have lowered Banquos ghost down on a rope to make it look as if it was floating. Many of these effects are still used today while doing performances of the play. The goriest bits in the play would be the murder scenes. Especially the scene with Duncan they would have used a lot of fake blood. Macbeths character changes quite significantly during the play he starts off as a loyal soldier dedicated to his king. He changes after his first meeting with the witches, once he knew his destiny he would do anything to get it as soon as he could. The witches told him he would be thane of Cowdor, and then he would be crowned king. His power mad wife often challenged his position. Why do you make such faces Macbeth showed feeling he didnt want to kill Duncan but callas Lady Macbeth drove him to it That I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valour of my tongue this shows the power she had over him. Macbeth is good not evil yet I do fear thy nature, it is too full othmilk of human kindness Where as Macbeth is a gentle person. Lady Macbeth calls upon the spirits to make her evil enough to commit murder. Come you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to toe top full of direst cruelty make thick my blood. The planning of Duncans murder was quite disturbing Lady Macbeth proves her callas feelings. The death is like a challenge. Art thou afeared to be the same in thine own act and valour as thou art in desire? She accuses him of breaking promises, that he isnt strong enough to accept the challenges wouldst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life, And youre a coward in thine own esteem Macbeth braves himself as a man and accepts the challenge I dare do all that may become a man, who dares do more is none Lady Macbeth shows some feeling like the feeling she may once have had for her child I have given suck and know how tender tis to love the babe that milks me. I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn to you have done to this Her feelings soon turn evil as she says to Macbeth she would rather kill her child than break her promise. There was also many reasons why Macbeth shouldnt kill Duncan Hes here in double trust first I am his kings man and his subject, strong both against the deed then, as his host. Who should against his murder shut the door, not bear the knife myselfthis Duncan been so clear in his great office Macbeth was related to king, he was Duncans host. Duncan was a good king if Macbeth went ahead with the murder he could loose everything. It was worse to kill a king than anyone else. It was a huge sin against god. God chose who was to be king. Lady Macbeth made most of the plans for the murder, she controlled Macbeth. She told him when and how to commit Duncans murder. Macbeth said the dagger showed the way to Duncans room. The night for Duncans death was perfect. Crows searched the courtyard a sign of death. An owl shrieked anther sign that evil was in the air. When Duncan had retired to his room and the guards had fell asleep Macbeth brutality stabbed Duncan in the chest with a dagger. Macbeth returned out of Duncans room with the evidence in his hand. He refused to re-enter the room so lady Macbeth took them back in the room and put the blood of Duncan on the guards face to make it look like they had killed Duncan. Macbeth didnt prove to be a very good or popular king. Many people didnt respect him. He lost many of his friends especially his supposed best friend Banquo whom he had killed as he suspected Macbeth had killed Duncan. Later at one of Macbeth banquets, he started to talk to a ghost that wasnt even there. Lady Macbeth tried to cover it up. The second meeting with the witches as deliberate they told Macbeth words with double meanings. They told Macbeth he would be king until the wood moved. Macbeth thought he was safe, as wood couldnt move. The witches tricked Macbeth so the audience would see the witches as evil. Macbeth wasnt much better himself the most loyal thing he did while wearing the crown was suffer a soldiers death. He died a lonely man his wife had gone crazy and killed herself she jumped of the castles balcony. The audience views Macbeth would change at different points in the play. They would see him as a loyal soldier but then he turned evil but he still had some feelings he didnt want to kill Duncan he was bullied by his wife. After the dirty deal was done he never returned from the evils scheming. In conclusion I think Macbeth is a very good play. It is a fast moving play. Which includes love, deception, and murder. Aspects that would appeal to all audiences. The audience would be relieved that justice was done. By including these features I feel that Macbeth has proved the test of time as one of the best plays of all time. Many theatres today still make reproductions of the play. I think Shakespeare truly has lived up to his title as a great play writer.

The Cause And Effects Of Acid Mine Drainage Essay -- essays research p

The Cause and Effects of Acid Mine Drainage INTRODUCTION Imagine going fishing on a cool Autumn day, the trees are all different shades of orange, brown and red and the birds are singing their beautiful songs, but their is a serious problem because when you arrive at the river all plant and animal life are gone. This is by no means a recent phenomenon. This is due to the effects of acid rock drainage (ARD). This is a problem that has been occurring since ancient times, but it was not until the 1800's when fast growing industrialization and heavy mining that it caught alot of attention. Acid rock drainage is the term used to describe leachate, seepage, or drainage that has been affected by the natural oxidation of sulfur minerals contained in rock which is exposed to air and water. The major components of ARD formation are reactive sulfide minerals, oxygen, and water. Biological activity and reactions is what is responsible for the production of ARD. These reactions make low pH water that has the ability to mobilize heavy metals contained in geological materials with which it comes in contact. "ARD causes a devastating impact on the quality of the ground or surface water it discharges to. (Ellison & Hutchison)" ACID MINE DRAINAGE Within the mining process there are several sources that cause ARD. No matter what activities occur, ARD usually occurs when certain conditions are met. These conditions are the factors that limit or accelerate the release of ARD. The initial release of ARD can occur anywhere from a few months to many decades after the sulfide containing material is disturbed or deposited. ARD has been associated with mines since mining began. When ARD occurs due to the effects of mining it is called acid mine drainage, or AMD. The coal mining industry here in the eastern United States has been associated with a major source of AMD for decades. When water comes in contact with pyrite in coal and the rock surrounding it, chemical reactions take place which cause the water to gain acidity and to pick up iron, manganese and aluminum. Water that comes into contact with coal has a orange-red yellow and sometimes white color. The metals stay in the solution beneath the earth due to the lack of oxygen. When the water comes out of the mine or the bor... ...ansform organic material and nutrients.(Bastian 1993) Natural and constructed wetland have been used to treat wastewater. The first one that was ever constructed was in 1982. There are over 200 systems in Appalachia alone.(Bastian 1993) Even though this is safer for the ecosystem it is found that at most sites, chemical treatment is still necessary to meet efficient standards, but the costs of chemical treatment is greatly reduced with the initial biological treatment. Most operators find that the costs of the construction of the wetlands are made up within one year due to the money saved on chemicals. CONCLUSION In conclusion, acid rock drainage is a big problem all throughout the world due to alot of industrialization and mining. This is not only a serious problem around the world, it touches home here, especially here in Appalachia, but it seems to be under or getting under control with all the new regulations and standards the EPA is setting. Low pH and a high acidity level is harmful to us our wildlife and our plants. With the help of more education and more research it will not have to be a problem for our future.

Childrens Ailments In South India Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionSuffering from minor complaints is the most frequent episode in childhood experiences. Fever is one of the main ailments every bit many as one tierce of all paediatric audiences in general practice.1 A survey indicated that parents still have a job to care the febrility in kids. Some parents believe that febrility is one of the diseases which may happen among their kids, instead than to be a mark or symptom of illness.2 In many states, the antipyretic medical specialty and other over the counter ( OTC ) medical specialties are normally used among parents to handle their children.3 Using ( OTC ) medical specialty among parents may be affected by their attitudes towards unwellnesss. However, it is deserving adverting that some old surveies show that parents ‘ cognition about febrility is still inaccurate. Most parents are confused about which medical specialty should be given to their kids to pull off the hurting and febrility associated with minor ailments.4 The common complaints of kids including concern, febrility, grippe, diarrhea and sore pharynx can be treated at place. Some minor complaints can be relieved with ( OTC ) medicines such as Paracetamol or other traditional redresss, without seeking for audience from general practicians or baby doctors. When a kid falls sick, the parents ‘ concerns are frequently influenced by their cognition of the complaints. Parents may acquire advice from the media, through household tradition, from friends and via other beginnings which affect their direction of the complaints. The construct of self-management in health care includes disease bar, selfdiagnosis, self-treatment and appropriate audience with wellness attention practicians. Within the context of kids ‘s complaints, the determination shaper will normally be the kid ‘s attention taker.5 A attention taker must be the parent or defender of the kid. In general, parents with higher degree of medical cognition are expected t o hold a better direction of kids ‘s complaints. This survey aimed to heighten the parents ‘ cognition about their kids ‘s unwellnesss and better their direction of handling their kids from minor complaints, in add-on to urge that wellness attention professionals should pass on with parents and do non project aside the latter ‘s beliefs about kids ‘s complaints.MethodThe survey design was cross-sectional survey. Data collected on a group of topics at one clip instead than over a period of clip. Parents were recruited to mensurate their medical cognition and direction degree to handle their kids ‘s complaints. This survey was conducted to place parents ‘ medical cognition on minor complaints refering their kids. The mark population of the survey was the ‘parents ‘ group regardless of age groups, ethnics, businesss, and societal position. The entire sample size of this study was 250 parents. Non-probability convenient trying method was used. Parents were recruited from the populace to reply our questionnaires. Harmonizing to the inclusion standards, the parents who were able to read and compose were included. Furthermore, parents who had child under 12 old ages old and agreed to take part in this study were included. The questionnaire was designed to measure the parents ‘ cognition about OTC medical specialties which are normally used to handle the minor complaints. In add-on, to research how the parents are normally manage the minor complaints. Most inquiries came from the old surveies related to parents ‘ self-medication and parents ‘ cognition about medical specialties. The face and content cogency were performed with wellness attention professionals before carry oning the study. SELF-administered questionnaire was used to roll up the information from the parents. Written informed consent signifier was obtained from the parents who were agreed to take part in the study. Parents were required to reply and finish the questionnaire on the topographic point. The questionnaire was designed to dwell of 3 parts. Part 1 was the demographic information of the parents, and Part 2 for look intoing the degree of medical cognition of parents about OTC medicines, whilst Part 3 was on the p arents ‘ ways of managing their kids ‘s unwellnesss. Data analysis had been done by the assistance of statistical package, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) Version 15.0. Frequencies of demographic information of respondents were tabulated. In order to mensurate the degree of medical cognition of parents and the direction of kids complaints, the mark of each respondent for portion 2 and portion 3 of the questionnaire was counted and analyzed. To cipher the entire Markss of different respondents, we used the marking method for different replies and actions.ConsequenceOut of the 250 distributed questionnaires, 240 ( 96 % ) questionnaires were successfully collected. Table No. 1 presents the demographic information of 240 participants. Who had filled in the questionnaires to happen if this factor may act upon the parents ‘ cognition about medical specialties and this factor can be utilized as evidence-based information in the hereafter. There were 104 male and 136 female respondents take parting in the study. The bulk of our respondents were 31-40 old ages old and 41-50 old ages old. Table No. 2 showed the general cognition among parents sing the OTC medical specialties. Most of parents were n't familiar with the name of medical specialties particularly in instances of diarrhoea and cough hence, the parents who would cognize and acknowledge the medical specialties for these instances were ticked â€Å" yes † and for those parents who would n't cognize and acknowledge the medical specialties were ticked â€Å" no † . Most of the parents were knowing plenty about the sorts of medical specialty that should be given to their kids during febrility, when they have cold and when they suffer from cough. To add, 194 parents know the medical specialty for concern for their kids but 46 parents do non hold that cognition. It is besides a newly-found fact that the medical specialty for diarrhoea is merely known by 41.6 % of parents, the lowest per centum gathered in the list. Parents ‘ beliefs about the signifier of medical specialty that works better for their kids. Table No. 3 showed the Parents ‘ cognition about over the counter medical specialties medical specialties to their kids. Besides, the age of parents, all inquiries was about medical specialties in general which are normally used to handle the minor complaints at place. There was a big per centum of respondents who hold the rule that medical specialty is of import for their kids. In add-on, 31 % of parents think that medical specialty can non make injury for their kids. The older parents and those with higher instruction degree and high monthly income were more knowing. Sing the side effects of medical specialties, merely 40.8 % parents know about the side effects of their kids ‘s medical specialties. Table No. 4 shows that 59.2 % of respondents agreed that the fiscal position may impact the determination of seeking medical aid for their kids. Furthermore, parents with the high instruction degree and the monthly income showed statistically important ( p=0.004 ) and ( p=0.001 ) . In add-on, 106 of respondents agreed to give addendums such as multi vitamin to their kids. Table No. 5 nowadayss that most of respondents were with moderate cognition degree and moderate direction degree. There was important association between the cognition degrees and besides the degrees of directionDiscussionThis survey has highlighted the parents ‘ medical cognition on unwellnesss of their kids every bit good as their methods of pull offing their kids ‘s complaints. A quantitative attack was used to bring forth statistically representative consequences. In our survey, showed there was no difference between the gender and their cognition about medical specialties. Most of the respondents ag ree that medical specialty is of import for their kids. They know which medical specialties should be given to their kids when they are holding febrility, cough, grippe or concern. This is likely due to the fact that these are truly the sorts of complaints which parents frequently encounter. For diarrhoea, however, merely 41.6 % of parents are cognizant of its medical specialty. This is because diarrhoea is non common among kids as the parents may be given to be excessively sensitive of their kids ‘s hygiene6. Most of the parents believe that injection and sirup work better for kids. This is because medical specialties in the injection signifier works faster than others as it straight inserts medical specialty into the blood stream. For medical specialty in syrup signifier, it works better for kids because of parents consideration that sirup can be easy swallowed by children7, and this automatically sheds visible radiation on the fact that medical specialty in Tablets or capsu les is harder to swallow.8,9 Although most of the parents think that medical specialty can be harmful, non all of them were cognizant of possible side effects of their kids ‘s medical specialty. This is because parents tend to confront troubles in obtaining information about medical specialty taken by their kids. Parents besides referred they used medical specialties information cusps as a beginning of information.10 There was a strong desire to portion duty for appraisal of their ill kid with a professional, but parents are frequently disquieted or tend to experience guilty that they might be trouble oneselfing the physician unnecessarily. Parents choose non prescribed medical specialties or ( OTC ) medical specialty to handle their kids. This is likely because they can merely give ( OTC ) because of parents consideration that sirup can be easy swallowed by kids and this automatically sheds visible radiation on the fact that medical specialty in Tablets or capsules is harder to swallow.8,9 medical special ty to their kids. Despite the deficiency of grounds for the effectivity of many ( OTC ) medications11-13 and the possible hazards associated with their improper usage among immature children,14,15 they remain widely used.16 Based on our survey, there was a important difference between the cognition degrees and besides the degree of the parents ‘ direction when be givening to their sick kids. Parents with higher cognition of kids ‘s complaints have better direction, or ‘solutions ‘ to the complaints. Their cognition and information of the kids ‘s complaints may be obtained from physicians, paediatricss, druggists, friends, books, magazines, newspaper or the internet.17 The information sought by parents may decrease the ignorance and feelings of powerlessness from the parents ‘ experience, heighten their sense of control, and modify their perceptual experiences of menace posed by an unwellness. Parents normally seek more than simple advice about pull offing the common symptoms. Information should be developed harmonizing to parents ‘ perceived demands and incorporate parents ‘ accomplishments and experiences.18 Since the degree of parents ‘ cognition influences the wellness attention picks and determinations made for their kids, utile information of kids unwellnesss should be given to parents by general practicians or wellness attention professionals. Education and advice must besides be recognized and parents ‘ normally held beliefs about viruses, self restricting unwellness, and antibiotics and their cardinal concerns about febrility, cough, and other unwellnesss should besides be addressed. Professionals could make more to authorise parents and it seems to be a good instance for aiming parents who have peculiar troubles in pull offing ill children.19DecisionThis survey shows that parents frequently have unequal cognition and misconception for hand ling their kids. From this survey, we found that parents with better and higher medical cognition have better agencies of pull offing their kids ‘s complaints when they deal with OTC medical specialties. The consequences of this survey have successfully rejected the statement that there is no correlativity between parents ‘ degree of medical cognition and the direction of kids ‘s complaints. However, by comparing the agencies of informations collected, the male parents have somewhat better medical cognition than the female parents but the female parents have somewhat better direction in their kids ‘s complaint as compared to the male parents. This survey has merely been placed in the larger social-cultural context as an illustration of the possible influence of it on wellness behaviour and the medical specialty usage. It is hoped that by placing weak countries in parents ‘knowledge, better planned educational and behavioural alteration attempts can be m ade to promote the cognition degree among the parents when it comes to pull offing or managing the complaints. One means would be the parental educational intercessions, which guarantee that kids will have the best quality of attention.

Echinoderm Facts and Information

Echinoderms, or members of the phylum Echinodermata, are some of the most easily-recognized marine invertebrates. This phylum includes sea stars (starfish), sand dollars, and urchins, and they are identified by their radial body structure, often featuring five arms.  You can often see echinoderm species in a tidal pool or in the touch tank at your local aquarium. Most echinoderms are small, with an adult size of about 4 inches, but some can grow to as much as 6.5 feet in length. Different species may be found in a variety of bright colors, including purples, reds, and yellows.   Classes of Echinoderms The phylum Echinodermata contains five classes of marine life:  Asteroidea  (sea stars),  Ophiuroidea  (brittle stars and basket stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), and Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars). They are a diverse group of organisms, containing about 7,000 species. The phylum is regarded as one of the oldest of all animal groups, thought to have appeared at the start of the Cambrian era, about 500 million years ago.   Etymology The word echinoderm means  comes from the Greek word ekhinos, meaning hedgehog or sea urchin, and the word  derma, meaning skin. Thus, they are spiny-skinned animals. The spines on some echinoderms are more obvious than others. They are very pronounced in  sea urchins, for example. If you run your finger over a sea star, youll likely feel small spines. The spines on sand dollars, on the other hand, are less pronounced.   Basic Body Plan Echinoderms have a unique body design. Many echinoderms exhibit  radial symmetry, which means that their components are arranged around a central axis in a symmetrical manner. This means that an echinoderm has no obvious left and right half, only a top side, and a bottom side. Many echinoderms exhibit pentaradial symmetry—a type of radial symmetry in which the body can be divided into five equally-sized slices organized around a central disk. Although echinoderms can be very diverse, they all have some similarities. These similarities can be found in their circulatory and reproductive systems. Water Vascular System Instead of blood, echinoderms have a water vascular system, which is used for movement and predation. The echinoderm pumps sea water into its body through a sieve plate or madreporite, and this water fills the echinoderms tube feet. The echinoderm moves about the sea floor or across rocks or reefs by filling its tube feet with water to extend them  and then using muscles within the tube feet to retract them. The tube feet also allows echinoderms to hold on to rocks and other substrates and to grip prey by suction. Sea stars have very strong suction in their tube feet that even allows them to pry open the two shells of a bivalve. Echinoderm Reproduction Most echinoderms reproduce sexually, although males and females are virtually indistinguishable from one another when viewed externally. During sexual reproduction, echinoderms release eggs or sperm into the water, which are fertilized in the water column by the male. The fertilized eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae that eventually settle to the ocean bottom. Echinoderms can also reproduce asexually by regenerating body parts, such as arms and spines. Sea stars are well-known for their ability to regenerate arms that are lost. In fact, even if the sea star has only a small part of its central disk left, it can grow an entirely new sea star.   Feeding Behavior Many echinoderms are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of living and dead plant and marine life. They serve an important function in digesting dead plant material on the ocean floor and thereby keeping waters clean. Plentiful echinoderm populations are essential to healthy coral reefs. The digestive system of echinoderms is relatively simple and primitive compared to other marine life; some species ingest and expel waste through the same orifice. Some species simply ingest sediments and filter out the organic material, while other species are capable of catching prey, usually plankton and small fish, with their arms.   Impact on Humans While not an important source of food for humans, some forms of sea urchin are regarded as a delicacy in some parts of the world, where they are used in soups. Some echinoderms produce a toxin which is fatal to fish, but which can be used to make a medicine used to treat human cancers.   Echinoderms are generally beneficial to ocean ecology, with a few exceptions. Starfish, which prey on oysters and other mollusks, have devastated some commercial enterprises. Off the coast of California, sea urchins have caused problems for commercial seaweed farms by eating young plants before they can become established.